Dubai 7th December - As we pause on this 'Sabbath Day' at the midpoint of COP28 in Dubai, it's a fitting moment to reflect on the journey so far.

This day of rest and contemplation invites us to engage in an 'examen' of sorts - a thoughtful review of where we stand, our emotional responses, our aspirations, and our concerns. The first half of COP28 has been marked by several significant developments and pressing challenges, each shaping the course and character of this crucial climate conference. This introspective pause offers an opportunity to assess these developments and challenges, as we look forward to the path that lies ahead.

Key Developments

Climate Finance Initiatives: A significant announcement came from UAE President Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, who declared a $30 billion fund dedicated to global climate solutions, with a goal to attract $250 billion in investments by the end of the decade. Additionally, $700 million has been pledged to support lower-income countries in coping with climate change-related loss and damage. This demonstrates a strong commitment to climate finance, crucial for implementing sustainable solutions worldwide.

Agriculture and Food Systems: More than 130 countries have committed to incorporating agricultural emissions into their national climate action plans. This is complemented by a coalition of 25+ leading food and agriculture organizations focusing on scaling regenerative agriculture. This initiative is vital, considering agriculture's substantial contribution to global emissions.

Renewable Energy and Efficiency Targets: About 118 countries have agreed to triple their renewable power generation capacity to 11,000 GW and double energy efficiency this decade. This agreement is a significant step towards a more sustainable energy future.

Methane Reduction Commitments: Fifty oil and gas companies have pledged to achieve near-zero methane emissions by 2030, a critical move given methane's potency as a greenhouse gas. A fund has also been announced to support methane abatement projects in emerging markets and developing economies.

Challenges and Areas for Improvement

Closing the Investment Gap: Despite substantial financial pledges, there remains an $18 trillion investment gap that needs to be addressed to meet climate goals. This requires granular, year-by-year targets and innovative financial instruments to ensure capital reaches where it's most needed.

Adaptation and Resilience Financing: Current financing for climate adaptation and resilience is significantly below the required levels, necessitating urgent action to bridge this gap.

Implementation of Pledges: The real test lies in the implementation of these commitments. Countries, private sectors, and financial institutions must work collaboratively to turn pledges into action, especially in the areas of renewable energy and agricultural emissions.

Negotiation Challenges: As with previous COPs, achieving consensus among nearly 200 parties on key issues like fossil fuels and finance remains a formidable challenge. The global stocktake, assessing progress under the Paris Agreement, indicates that the world is off track from meeting its goals, necessitating more ambitious actions.

Inclusive and Just Transition: Ensuring a transition that is equitable and inclusive, particularly for vulnerable communities and developing countries, is paramount. This involves not just financial support but also technology transfer and capacity building.

Key Concerns for Africa.

Adaptation and Resilience: African nations are among the most vulnerable to climate change, facing severe weather events, droughts, and rising sea levels. The current level of adaptation and resilience financing is far below what is needed. COP28's focus on increasing this financing is critical for Africa, where adaptation strategies are not just about environmental preservation but are closely tied to human security and sustainable development.

Implementation of Climate Finance Pledges: The announced financial pledges, such as the $30 billion fund for global climate solutions and the $700 million for lower-income countries, are pivotal. For Africa, the efficient and transparent implementation of these funds is crucial. These resources should be directed towards sustainable development projects, renewable energy initiatives, and climate resilience programs that are aligned with the specific needs of African communities.

Agricultural Transformations: Agriculture is a key sector in many African economies and societies. The commitment to integrate agricultural emissions into national climate plans and promote regenerative agriculture aligns closely with African interests. These initiatives must be tailored to support African farmers, ensuring food security and sustainable agricultural practices that are resilient to climate change.

Renewable Energy Transition: The commitment to significantly increase renewable energy capacity is particularly relevant for Africa, a continent with immense solar, wind, and hydroelectric potential. This transition presents opportunities for economic development and energy access but requires substantial investment, technology transfer, and capacity building. Methane and Fossil Fuel Reduction: While Africa is a minor contributor to global emissions, the continent's future development trajectory could increase its carbon footprint. Commitments to reduce methane emissions and move away from fossil fuels are vital. However, these transitions must consider the energy needs and development aspirations of African nations, requiring a balanced approach that supports economic growth while mitigating climate impact.

Looking Ahead

As COP28 resumes tomorrow, it is imperative that the voices of African nations are not just heard but heeded. The thematic days ahead must translate into more than just dialogue; they must spur action that addresses the unique challenges faced by those most affected by climate change in the global South. This includes not only meeting but exceeding the commitments made, ensuring they are tailored to the needs of those who bear the least responsibility for climate change but face its gravest consequences.

For JENA and the wider civil society, the role extends beyond advocacy to vigilant oversight, ensuring that promises made are promises kept and that Africa's path to climate resilience is not hampered by the global north's failure to act. The outcomes of COP28 must not be a repeat of past shortcomings but a turning point that ushers in a new era of equitable and effective climate action.